Essays --

It was a cold and blistering Thursday morning. I had just gotten my cup of coffee and was interpretation the morning paper and there it was on the front page of the Erie Gazette Mogul Industries moving facility to Mexico. Mogul Industries is the largest automotive support agreement in the United States plus it is the major employer in Erie. As a business owner specializing in retail dry good, this concerns me. My first though was about my vitamin C employees and the future of my store and business. I started hyperventilating and sweating my wife looked at me and asked me what I was going to do? My first thought was to run, but I knew that would not piece of work for me. Then I had a flashback to my college days at Ashford University in my Organizational developing class. I started to back off the ledge and calm down. I looked at my wife and told her that I have to analyze the ch all toldenges facing your company using Organizational Development (OD) principles. Appling the OD principle will ensure my business not only stays alive, but possibly transform it into the largest retailer in town. The first question that came from my wife was What is Organizational Development?Richard Beckhard defined Organization Development as an effort to plan, organize, and manage from the top to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organizations processes, using behavioral-science knowledge. (Beckhard, 1969). A simpler definition is that OD is the logical application for behavior science to bring about deliberate change in an organization. The intended objectives and outcomes are for organizational survival through amend adaptability, productivity, and effectiveness. These objectives will be accompl... ... they ought to modify, continue or discontinue the activities. The need for the practitioner decreases during this stage and will gradually disengage from the process as it stabilizes. The client frame needs to mature the ability to maintain innovation without outside support. It is important to remember that each stage should be monitored to ensure the process is staying on track. If all goes well, our organization will be on track to surviving the change in the community. Organizations wanting to survive and be successful are faced with the continually evaluating and introducing changes to better their organization. Looking at the corporate world, there are two types of companies. You have the ones who continue to change with the times and those who are going out of business. Our organization is going to adapt and implement continual change if needed.

An Analysis of Gatsby’s Success and Failure :: Free Essay Writer

An Analysis of Gatsbys Success and FailureSummary wherefore Gatsby failed to achieve Daisy? To some extent, it may be a tragedy of society and Jay Gatsbys fault. He was born and grew up in an era of decayed mixer and moral value. Further more, he cant know himself and others distinctly Jay Gatsby was born in rural north Dakota and spent his childhood there. Because he grew up in the rural area,as usual he could bear trouble and difficulty in his life. But he was not of that kind of poor children. From his early youth, Gatsby hate poverty and longed for wealth and sophistication. He dropped out of St.olaf College after two weeks, Because he couldnt bear the tiring and difficult job with which he was paying his tuition. He was hunger for wealth ,but he just had the desire which didnt work.The year after he dropped out, he worked on Lake Superior fishing for salmon and gibe for clams. One day, he saw a yacht owned by Dan Cody who was a wealthy copper mogul and rowed out to warn him about a coming storm. The grateful Cody took issue Gtz, who gave his name as Jay Gatsby. On board, Gatsby worked as Codys personal assistant. Traveling with Cody to the Barbary Coast and the West. At that clock time ,Gatsby fell fuck with wealth and luxury. When Cody died, he left Gatsby $25,000. But Codys mistress prevented him from claiming his inheritance. Gatsby then dedicated himself to becoming a wealthy and successful man. At the same time ,he had gained the skills of making money which was vital to his success, However, his poor background and exorbitant desire for wealth and success were obstacles to him.After World War I ,the generation of young Americans who had fought the war became intensely disillusioned, as the brutal carnage that had just faced made the Victorian favorable morality of early-twentieth-century America like stuffy. The dizzying rise of the social market in the aftermath of the war led to a sudden, sustained increase in the national wealth and a new found materialism, as deal began to spend and consume at unprecedented levels. A person from any social background could, Potentially, make a fortune, but the American aristocracy-families with old wealth-scorned the impertinently rich industrialists and speculators. Additionally, the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919,which banned the sale of alcohol, created a thriving underworld designed to satisfy the massive demand of bootleg hard drink among rich and poor alike.

Essay --

Used to turn the chickens out on the alfalfa on a sunny morning reinforces the radical that everyone has a dream, a goal and a fantasy. Crooks may be negative, yet even he, the nigger, has a vision of one day experiencing the pleasures of his competentity again.Crooks get onCrooks room is clearly downgraded compared to on the whole the other workers. As we see he lives in the stable with the horses, and the other workers get a positionho economic consumption. this room was swept and pretty neat This shows that he is non an animal like other characters think he is. They in like manner refuse to share a room with him, although this does allow him to vacate his possession lying freely around. A number of these possessions reflect his personality a tattered dictionary which suggests that he is quite articulate. Some of these items also highlight his treatment and requisition from society. He had a few dirty books suggesting they were pornography because he was not allowed into the cat house due to his skin glossiness or it could just be old books expanding on the fact he was an articulate or intellectual. Crooks did not have a bed as it was fundamentally a hay stack, Crooks bunk was a long box filled with straw on which his blankets were flung showing how he was thought of by the boss. As numerous people saw sorry men the same as animals, they were treated in the same way Crooks had his apple box over his bunk and in it a range of medical specialty bottles, for himself and the horses. Showing that he has no medicine for himself it is all he can gather. All of these possessions were deliberately emphasised by the indite to show that Crooks was indeed equal to the others however no one thinks he actually is.How Lennie affects Crooks As Crooks has been so beaten down by loneliness and... ...s natural right here in California. This shows that Crooks does not seem himself as a Negro, he sees himself as an equal because he was born here, where they are born. Crooks tells Lennie close to his past how he use to play with other light kids and never knew why his father did not like it. But as he got older, he realised and has hated white people ever since, because of their treatment towards him. As Crooks is reminded of his hatred towards white people, who tries to show Lennie how it feels to be lonely in an injurious manner. As Crooks knows that Lennie does not understand anything that is creation said, he takes this and uses it against Lennie. His excitement had increased George can tell you screwy things, and it dont matter. Crooks tries to get Lennie to feel what it is like to be alone, but shortly after, he becomes jeopardise by Lennie physical power over him. Essay -- Used to turn the chickens out on the alfalfa on a sunny morning reinforces the idea that everyone has a dream, a goal and a fantasy. Crooks may be negative, yet even he, the nigger, has a vision of one day experiencing the pleasures of his equa lity again.Crooks RoomCrooks room is clearly downgraded compared to all the other workers. As we see he lives in the stable with the horses, and the other workers get a bunkhouse. this room was swept and fairly neat This shows that he is not an animal like other characters think he is. They also refuse to share a room with him, although this does allow him to leave his possession lying freely around. A number of these possessions reflect his personality a tattered dictionary which suggests that he is quite articulate. Some of these items also highlight his treatment and segregation from society. He had a few dirty books suggesting they were pornography because he was not allowed into the cat house due to his skin colour or it could just be old books expanding on the fact he was an articulate or intellectual. Crooks did not have a bed as it was basically a hay stack, Crooks bunk was a long box filled with straw on which his blankets were flung showing how he was thought of by the bos s. As many people saw black men the same as animals, they were treated in the same way Crooks had his apple box over his bunk and in it a range of medicine bottles, for himself and the horses. Showing that he has no medicine for himself it is all he can gather. All of these possessions were deliberately emphasised by the author to show that Crooks was indeed equal to the others but no one thinks he actually is.How Lennie affects Crooks As Crooks has been so beaten down by loneliness and... ...s born right here in California. This shows that Crooks does not seem himself as a Negro, he sees himself as an equal because he was born here, where they are born. Crooks tells Lennie about his past how he use to play with other white kids and never knew why his father did not like it. But as he got older, he realised and has hated white people ever since, because of their treatment towards him. As Crooks is reminded of his hatred towards white people, who tries to show Lennie how it feels to be lonely in an injurious manner. As Crooks knows that Lennie does not understand anything that is being said, he takes this and uses it against Lennie. His excitement had increased George can tell you screwy things, and it dont matter. Crooks tries to get Lennie to feel what it is like to be alone, but shortly after, he becomes threaten by Lennie physical power over him.

negative effects of technology :: essays research papers

For a while now, science has been a mystery to man, leading him to want to discover more and more about it. This in galore(postnominal) aspects is dangerous to our society, being that scientific developments in new studies have been advancing too quickly for our minds to comprehend. Things such as clone, organ donation, and pesticides, are things that the world may sometimes find useful, when in reality, it only brings civilization down.Raising science to the status of godhood carries with it inherit risks that demand careful consideration.Developmental experiments such as cloning have been successful, but they bring along with them some very negative results, for example, in some early experiments in animal cloning some strength dangers had been encountered, cloned cows developed faulty immune systems, other projects which created cloned mice, grew obese, and in most studies, cloned animals seemed to grow old faster and die younger than the usual members of the species. When add ing on to the piece race, not only are we increasing our huge population rate, but we are also adding humans and animals that have defects as well as a short life span. It would be a waste of our governments money to bring something to life, that we will have to take extra care of, well(p) to have it die in just a matter of weeks as quick as a goldfish dies.When talking about organ donation, hoi polloi usually think that it is a great discovery and that scientists have made a break through in this portion of the medical field, with out shrewd how highly the chances of ineffectiveness this procedure has. The immune system attacks anything that lacks histocompatibility antigens or has antigens different from those found in the rest of the body, such as those found on invasive viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms. This recognition system causes the immune system to attack transplanted tissues that have different antigens because it has no way to tell the difference between h urtful and helpful organisms, therefore causing the body to reject the organ which causes infection in the person body. Also donated organs go to the patient who is nearest death, charge though a healthier patient might benefit more by living longer after the transplant. A drug called tacrolimus (FK-506) was found to be even more effective for kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplants. However, patients who take this drug still face some increased risk of infection and

Charles Dickens - Depiction of the Hard Lives of Children :: European Literature

Every author has a certain theme to all of their novels, no matter how several(predicate) they may be peerless can always see something within a story that links to another one of the authors stories. The themes ar also dissimilar for each author, some being happiness where the characters have good luck, while other novels are sadder, and have darker themes to them. One author who has a darker theme that is committed through his books is Charles Dickens the theme that can be found in most of his novels is one where the main character is mostly a child and they are going through a hard time in their life, but how he knew about the hard lives of children has been wondered about before and there is proof that he either had done research on it or experienced the oppression himself in his own life.Great Expectations was written in the 1800s and has escalated to the point of being one of Dickens most well-known novels. In the novel the main character, Pip, is a child whose parents had died when he was younger. So he is forced to live with his older sister, Dickens gives the force that Pips sister actually hates her younger brother she also beats him repeatedly with The Tickler when she sees that he has been disobedient. The only friend he truly has at the branch is Mr. Joe, his sisters husband who is also oppressed by his wife. Even Mrs. Joes friends oppresses Pip when they all come over for dinner, talking about him as if he doesnt exist or that he isnt there. As the story goes on he receives word that he will be sent to Miss Havishams house to play. Pips life changes throughout the story, the son getting some good fortunes and some bad ones as well. (Dickens, 1999)Another one of Dickens more famous stories in which the child character goes through a hard life is Oliver Twist. In this novel the boy, Oliver, is an orphan who is raised in a corrupt environment until he met his aunt. His mother had died when she was giving birth so he had no relatives other than his aunt. The orphanage he had lived at was inglorious, and after asking for more food one time he was sold to an abusive man. He eventually ran away and joined

George Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

GEORGE ORWELLS 1984THE BOOK 1984 BY GEORGE ORWELL IS ABOUT A MAN NAMED WINSTON SMITH. HE LIVES INTHE COUNTRY OF OCEANIA. IN THIS COUNTRY EVERY THING IS CONTROLLED BY A PARTYNAMED THE BIG BROTHER. THIS PARTY CONTROLLS EVERY THING FROM FOOD RATIONS TOWHAT PEOPLE CAN THINK. THEY EVEN HAVE TELLASCREANS EVERY WHERE SO THEY CAN come after PEOPLE AT ALL clockS. WINSTON WORKS IN NEWSPEAK. NEWSPEAK IS WERE THEYEVENT SIMPILAR WORDS SO THEY CAN ELEMINATE OTHER WORDS TO MAKE THE LANGUAGESIMPILIAR.WINSTON LIVES A elegant NORMAL LIVE UNTILL HE JOINS A UNDERGROUND PARTY CALLEDTHE uniting. HE JOINS THIS BECAUSE HE DOES NOT BELIEVE IN WHAT THE BIGBROTHER IS DOING AND HE THINKS IT IS WRONG. THE BROTHERHOOD IS AGAINST THE BIGBROTHER AND IS TRYING TO END ITS POWER. IN THIS PARTY THEY TELL WINSTON EVERYTHING THE BIG BROTHER IS NOT TELLING THEM THINGS LIKE WHO OCEANIA IS trulyAT WAR WITH AND EVERY THING THAT THE BIG BROTHER HAD BEEN LYING TO THEM ABOUT.IN THIS PARTY WINSTON MEETS A GIRL NAMED JULIA. OVER A PERIOD OF TIME THEY FALLIN LOVE. THEY HAVE SEX FOR A LONG TIME BUT HAVING SEX IS ILLEGAL IN OCEANIA.SO THEY HAVE TO HIDE.THEY FIND A function IN THE FORREST WHERE NO ONE KNOWS ABOUTSO THEY WONT GET CAUGHT.AFTER A FEW MONTHS THEY FIND A BETTER SPOT THAT THEY RENTED FROM A FREIND. THEYUSED THIS PLACE FOR A FEW MONTHS. UNTILL ONE NIGHT WHEN THEY FELL A SLEEP ANDIN THE MORNING THEY WOKE UP TO THE POLICE victorious THE TO JAIL.THEY TAKE THEM TO A PLACE WHERE THEY ARE QUESTIONED AND INNTERRIAGATED UNTILLTHEY BREAK DOWN AND CONFESS. THEY ARE TAKING THERE AND TORRTURED AND BRAINWASHED UNTILL THEY BELIVE WHAT THE PARTY TELLS THEM. THEY USED THE THING WINSTONWAS just about AFRAID OF AND THATS RATS. SEEING THE RATS MADE HIM YELL OUT DONT

George Orwells 1984 :: essays research papers

GEORGE ORWELLS 1984THE BOOK 1984 BY GEORGE ORWELL IS ABOUT A MAN NAMED WINSTON SMITH. HE LIVES INTHE COUNTRY OF OCEANIA. IN THIS COUNTRY every THING IS CONTROLLED BY A PARTYNAMED THE BIG comrade. THIS PARTY CONTROLLS EVERY THING FROM FOOD RATIONS TOWHAT PEOPLE CAN THINK. THEY EVEN abide TELLASCREANS EVERY WHERE SO THEY CANWATCH PEOPLE AT ALL TIMES. WINSTON WORKS IN NEWSPEAK. NEWSPEAK IS WERE THEYEVENT SIMPILAR WORDS SO THEY CAN ELEMINATE OTHER WORDS TO MAKE THE linguistic communicationSIMPILIAR.WINSTON LIVES A PRETTY NORMAL LIVE UNTILL HE JOINS A UNDERGROUND PARTY CALLEDTHE BROTHERHOOD. HE JOINS THIS BECAUSE HE DOES NOT BELIEVE IN WHAT THE BIGBROTHER IS DOING AND HE THINKS IT IS WRONG. THE BROTHERHOOD IS AGAINST THE BIGBROTHER AND IS TRYING TO END ITS POWER. IN THIS PARTY THEY TELL WINSTON EVERYTHING THE BIG BROTHER IS NOT obese THEM THINGS LIKE WHO OCEANIA IS REALLYAT WAR WITH AND EVERY THING THAT THE BIG BROTHER HAD BEEN LYING TO THEM ABOUT.IN THIS PARTY WINSTON MEETS A GIRL N AMED JULIA. OVER A PERIOD OF TIME THEY FALLIN LOVE. THEY HAVE SEX FOR A LONG TIME BUT HAVING SEX IS ILLEGAL IN OCEANIA.SO THEY HAVE TO HIDE.THEY FIND A SPOT IN THE FORREST WHERE NO ONE KNOWS ABOUTSO THEY WONT GET CAUGHT.AFTER A FEW MONTHS THEY FIND A BETTER SPOT THAT THEY RENTED FROM A FREIND. THEY apply THIS PLACE FOR A FEW MONTHS. UNTILL ONE NIGHT WHEN THEY FELL A SLEEP ANDIN THE MORNING THEY WOKE UP TO THE POLICE TAKING THE TO JAIL.THEY TAKE THEM TO A PLACE WHERE THEY ARE QUESTIONED AND INNTERRIAGATED UNTILLTHEY BREAK DOWN AND CONFESS. THEY ARE TAKING THERE AND TORRTURED AND BRAINWASHED UNTILL THEY BELIVE WHAT THE PARTY TELLS THEM. THEY USED THE THING WINSTONWAS MOST AFRAID OF AND THATS RATS. SEEING THE RATS MADE HIM YELL OUT DONT

Plant layout Essay

PLANT LAYOUTOutline of ContentsWhat is Plant layout? emergency of favourable layoutFactors affecting good layoutPrinciples of good layoutAdvantages of good layoutSymptoms of poor layoutTypes of layoutWhat is PLANT LAYOUT?Plant layout refers to the arrangement of physical facilities such as forms, equipment, tools, furniture etc. in such a manner so as to have quickest flow of material at the lowest cost and with the least amount of handling in processing the produce from the receipt of raw material to the delivery of the final product. Plant Layout is a plan of an optimum arrangement of facilities including personnel, operating equipment, storage space, material handling equipments and wholly other supporting services a long with the design of best structure to contain all these facilities. A good layout is unrivalled which allows material rapidly and this instant for processing. This reduces transport handling, clerical and other costs down per unit. Space requirement are mi nimized and it reduces idle machine time and idle time of man.Necessity of good plant layout minimization of material handling optimal utilization of available floor space settlement of bottlenecks through balancing of all capacitiesMinimization o employment delaysEasy supervision and better manpower resources through elimination of idle timeElimination of physical efforts required by workersElimination or improvement of objectionable operations. E.g. Operations with bad odor, vibrating operations etc.Avoiding industrial accidentsBetter working conditions like light, ventilation, noise control etc. Optimum utilization of machinery and equipment through proper use.Minimization of cost so that product will be available at cheaper rate to customer anddelivery in time.Factors affecting facility LayoutNature of plant-Engineering/ affect IndustryType of cropion-Mass/Flow, Batch, Job ShopType of Production-Make to Stock/order, std/specPlant Location-Area available, building type-storeyVo lume of Production-Scale of productionTypes of machines and equipment-automationRepairs and maintenance -Policy, schedule on siteArrangement of material handling equipmentFuture expansion planPrinciples of good Layout minimum HandlingInterdependenceMinimum investmentIntegration of factors-3MMinimum movement-Distance/FlowContinuous flow-forwardOptimum utilization of available spaceMaximum visibilityMaximum accessibilityMaximum tractabilitySafety, Security and SatisfactionAdvantages of Good Plant LayoutProper and efficient utilization of available floor spaceTransportation of work from one point to other point without any delay Proper utilization of production capacity.Reduce material handling costsUtilize labor efficientlyReduce accidents bid for volume and product flexibilityProvide ease of supervision and controlProvide for employee safety and healthAllow easy maintenance of machines and plant.Improve productivitySymptoms of suffering LayoutDelays and work stoppage in manufactu ring processSlow movement of material through the plantCongestion of materials, components and work in pull aheadPoor utilization of spaceHigh material handling and transportation costsExcessive handling by skilled workersProduction cycles and delays in delivery psychological or physical strain on operatorsDifficulties in maintain effective supervision and controlUnderutilization of machines and workersLack of flexibility and difficulty in production formulation and controlTypes Of Layoutthither are mainly four types of plant layout(a) Product or line layout(b) Process or functional layout(c) bushel position or location layout(d) Combined or group layoutProduct or line layoutIn this type of layout the machines and equipments are arranged in one line depending upon the ecological succession of operations required for the product. It is also called as line layout. The material moves to another machine sequentially without any backtracking or deviation i.e. the output of one machin e becomes input of the next machine. It requires a very little material handling. It is used for mass production of standardized products.Advantages of Product layoutLow cost of material handling, ascribable to straight and short route and absence ofbacktracking Smooth and continuous operationsContinuous flow of workLesser inventory and work in make headwayOptimum use of floor spaceSimple and effective inspection of work and simplified production controlLower manufacturing cost per unitDisadvantages of Product layoutHigher initial capital investment in special purpose machine (SPM) High overhead chargesBreakdown of one machine will affect the production process.Lesser flexibility of physical resources.Process layoutIn this type of layout the machines of a similar type are arranged together at one place. This type of layout is used for batch production. It is preferred when the product is not standardized and the quantity produced is very small.Advantages of Process layoutLower in itial capital investment is required.There is high degree of machine utilization, as a machine is not blocked for a single productThe overhead costs are relatively lowBreakdown of one machine does not disturb the production process. Supervision can be more effective and specialized.Greater flexibility of resources.Disadvantages of Process layoutMaterial handling costs are high due to backtrackingMore skilled labour is required resulting in higher cost.Work in progress inventory is high needing greater storage space More frequent inspection is needed which results in costly supervision Combined layoutA combining of process & product layout is known as combined layout. Manufacturing concerns where several products are produced in repeated numbers with no likelihood of continuous production, combined layout isfollowed Fixed position or location layoutFixed position layout involves the movement of manpower and machines to the product which remains stationary. The movement of men and ma chines is advisable as the cost of piteous them would be lesser. This type of layout is preferred where the size of the job is bulky and heavy. Example of such type of layout is locomotives, ships, boilers, generators, wagon building, aircraft manufacturing, etc.Advantages of Fixed position layoutThe investment on layout is very small.The layout is flexible as change in job design and operation sequence can be easily incorporated. Adjustments can be do to meet shortage of materials or absence of workers by changing the sequence of operations.Disadvantages of Fixed position layoutAs the production period being very long so the capital investment is very high. Very large space is required for storage of material and equipment near the product. As several operations are often carried out simultaneously so there is possibility of confusion and conflicts among different workgroups.

Library Management System Essay

Technologies be important and helpful in every unitys life. Schools set the various pedagogic changes to achieve the current level of education in other countries. Beca mapping of the growing topics of computer substance abusers, this became an effective medium to demonstrate the knowledge and skills of the students. From the traditional inquisitive touch on for the throws in the libraries, the interactive usage of computers can be now addressed as part of the program subroutine library form. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one look to globalize the process of look into is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast(a) pace. Technology has a schemaatic and nonionized way of keeping data destroys, computing numbers, accomplishing a lot of transactions and reports.A dust library care transcription is made to corroborate fast process transactions for searching deem titles, borrowing books, returning books, computing penaltie s and generating an accurate report. In addition, Library is an important part of the academic sector as well as approximately professional sectors too like, Advocacy etc. The efficiency of a library lies in the fact how it is arranged and how good one can get the books of their choice. Generally, what we see nowadays is the manual(a) library fightment system whose process of operation is very much hectic. Library is a fall out in which we get teaching in each format and from many sources. This involves the utilization for processing, accessing and retrieving the information that can effectively support the process of students learning, decision- making and scholastically approaches.Because of the organized approach and systematic management of the information, the accessibility and retrieval in the library can be aristocratical. Traditionally, library management systems be implemented manually. Forms are given over to bibliothec and they fill them of using pens. Afterwar ds, the school executives process them manually and complied on large bulky file cabinet. Indeed, the manual library system is very costly, time consuming and tedious. The primary complaint of school administrators with this system is the tiresome task of searching through records just to verify your enquiry data.The fast phased of technology attributed a lot to the improvement of the library management system. Technology enables software captureers to computerize to computerize the library system. Hence, Here in lyceum of Alabang, the newly build library of Basic Education ( completely for k12 lyceans) renders several of books to the students to convey information especially in their research, paper works, assignments and projects. Thus, the institution aim to supply the necessity materials to their students, the idea of library management system is introduces.A. Background of the StudyNowadays most system like library system faces some problems such as flexibility, usability and accessibility. As the times goes by, some programmers discovered a solution to aide the said problems on past. And to develop to a greater extent features that can be help to the system to make it more easy to use.Lyceum of Alabang, exclusively in Basic Education Library Management corpse aimed to enhance the procedures of the library, manually operated to a computerized system. This propositions purpose was to ease the transaction in the library, i.e., lending of books, storing of books, search books and guarantee library system. The librarian and the library user still use the manual way of transacting of borrowing and returning of books. The librarian use log books in listing the books. They use library cards and card catalogues in searching for recital and reference materials.In order to convey the needs of the system the developer on this system always updates and get around if there are malfunctions or technical errors of the system. in front the researcher came up o n this system they planned first before executing and developing this system, the researchers gathered information through check into if the management or students would really need this system.In addition, system structures required to achieve such design are clarified. After checking requirement specification include in the basic plan, the overview of the project is delineate by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood.B. Objectives of the StudyThe objective of the contain was to develop a computerized system that will store the record of the students such as basic information, books record, list of borrowers, returned books, borrowed books and prescription of the librarian.This specify following objectives of the systema. To provide the administrator an effective way on storing and encoding all the necessary information needed from a student before letting themborrow a book.b. To design and create system that will lessen the time and effort of the administrator in their transaction.c. To quickly search the round a certain book that are still out and needed by the student who also wants to borrow a book from the library.d. To implement a modernize way of answer inventory issues in the library.C. Scope and LimitationImportant features such as the administrator would be able to get the information of the students who borrowed the books and also the inventory of books for in stock(predicate)ness purposes and monitoring of book volumes other features offers the security of the books in were the admin could easily verify if the books are return or not. User information subsystem (Collect User information from user and will save in the data small) borrow a book subsystem (determine if the book is meant to be checked out) Inventory a book subsystem (Get book from user, set book/items status to available) Notify user book is over out-of-pocket subsystem (Check if all books are accounted, issue overdue notice, look up users information).Library Management governing body cant produce rigs of the data reports, can be viewed and use plainly by one user which is the administrator, transaction process with regards of over due of borrowing books are still in the issue of not accurately provide the exact amount of payment that the student must pay as a punishment of not returning the borrowed books on time And cannot provide the list of books that are stored inside the library system.D. Significance of the studyThe researchers aim to develop the manual process into computerize library system in basic education. It helps the management a lot when it comes for checking inventory of several books and to make their work more easily and conveniently. And by the use of this system the management can easily checked the books that are loaned, borrowed and identify the books which are reserved. To make it easy to search any record, to keep the data secured, to edit the records and update the data establish e asily, to make the backup easily, to minimize the duplication of data and to make the system user lucky which more easy to use and the operator will feel no difficulty.Chapter 2Research MethodologyThis chapter starts on the discussion about the project research design methodology. The twinkling part presents the maturation of the system. The third part tells the operation, process and testing. The last parts discuss the evaluation procedure.Project DevelopmentThe system Development Life wheel (SDLC) is a conceptual model used in project management that describes the stages involved in an information system development project from an initial feasibility study through care of the completed application. Various SDLC methodologies have been create to guide the processes involved including the waterfall model.(the original SDLC method ) rapid application development (RAD) jointapplication development (JAD) the fountain model and the spiral model. Mostly, several models are combin ed into some sort of hybrid methodology. Documentation is crucial heedless of the type of model chosen or devised for process. Some methods work better for specific types of projects, but in the final analysis, the most important factor for the mastery of a project may be how closely particular plan was followed.Project Design PlanningIn planning, the researchers conducted an interview to the client to gather some information about on how the librarians manage the books, borrowed books. Returned books, all record of the student. It is observed that the librarian writes the records manually of every student who borrowed or returned the Books. The student uses the form given by the librarian.AnalysisBase on the proposed Computerized Library System is designed purely from the users viewpoint considering the constraints of ironware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such design are clarified. After checking requirement specification included in th e basic plan, the overview of the project is represented by the use of diagrams so that the processing and flows of data can be easily understood.DesigningThe software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was the system designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware (such as computers). In addition, system structures required to achieve such design are clarified.After checking the requirement specification included in the planning, the overview of the system represented by the use of diagrams so that the processed of data can be easily understood. Based on the representation, the division into sub system and input output intent was performed. The entire project was divided into a number of modules on a functional basis, and each module was further divided into smaller units. The designing of the code, such as the determin ation of a coding system, was conducted. In addition, relationships between the data were analyzed.Software DevelopmentCodingIn the development of the system, the researchers made used of Microsoft opthalmic Basic 6.0 for encoding source code of the system, in order to be accurate and fast acquisition of data/information. testThe researchers installs the new System. The researchers encountered problems while processing it for the first time but after several weeks the system has been successful and introduced it to the respondents.OperatingThe researchers were responsible for conducting an operation test. The researchers conducted a test under the actual operation conditions, and verified that the system satisfies the required specification. Because this test was intended to have a developed system accepted by the user, it was called an approval test or an acceptance test. The researchers conducted an operation test by foot race a program on a machine being used for actual operati ons.MaintenanceThe researchers conducted maintenance in software to correct faults, to economize act or other attributes. The researchers common perception of maintenance merely involves fixing detect. The researchers maintenance management system allows segment chiefs to plan maintenance work on fixed assets, such as equipment, machinery and property.The researchers came up with this library management system to provide easier, faster and effective way on monitoring the transaction of borrowed books and books that are being returned by the borrowers. This system offers the best way to check the quantity, availability and the full information about the books that are stored on the library system database. This system provides the best way to solve the quantity redundancy of books available on the library storage.In order to sustain the needs of the students in basic education the researchers propose this system to lessen the burdens of the management as well as the students.Based on ObservationObservation is either an activity of a living being, such as a human, consisting of receiving knowledge of the outside world through the senses, or the recording of data using scientific instruments. The term may also refer to any data attracted during this activity.As the researchers observed about the manual process it take a long time to borrow a book(s) or return a book(s) and its very hard to the management to check or inventory the books.SurveyData collection tool used to gather information about individuals. Surveys are commonly used in research to collect self-report data from study participants. A survey may focus on factual information about individuals, or it might aim the collect the opinions of the survey takers.The researchers gathered information from the students as well as the librarian and theyre in favor of having computerize library system. hearingAn interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the interviewe r to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee. The Researchers interviewed the management and the students about the transaction of the books in the library they both agreed about the system because of the slow process of transaction. According to Ms. Aurora, the librarian she suffered on checking inventory of the books and rigid the author in each books. Sometime she encountered of misplacing the logbook and she dont know what to do. And she finally thankful to the researchers of having computerizing system.In this figure it awards the slow process of the borrowing book(s), after the borrower will get the book they will need to wait until the administrator will finalize and release the book(s). The only problem of this manual process when there are more students or faculty that will borrowed a book and there is only one administrator. They need to wait the books for a long time just because of this process. Registration by the use of library card, the students of faculty w ill just register once when they borrowed or returned a book.B. Proposed System StructureLibrary Management System is a computerize system proposed by the researchers to access quickly the records and updates. The data will be much secure from any unauthorized access. It will be made secure by using passwords and by taking other security measures. Records will be easily edited and the database will easily be updated at the time of entering a record. The Library Management System is designed for managing various activities of Lyceum of Alabang exclusively in Basic Education. Since library has a very large number of books and a large number of members, it is very hard for librarian to manage day to day activities manually.It keep track like categorizing of books, books that are requested by the students, books that are issued to students, details of students who borrowed the books. The system allows the administrator to interact within the system managing students record (adding stude nt records, deleting records and modifying records of the students), organizing book details (add book details, delete book details and modify book details). While the students and faculty allows only searching a book(s) without registration. The librarian will get the information of the borrower when they loaned out the book(s), they need to fill up the requirements in order continue the process of the system.In this figure it illustrates how the management system works. First the Librarian must log in to enter the system, the librarian also tasked to update the books by deleting or adding books, supervise borrowed and returned books, Issued books for the students or faculty and data report for checking the inventory. insert 1.3Library Management System Use case processThis figure illustrates how the system interacts between the administrator and users. This clearly shows how the users managed to remove or delete accounts and also how users add new account on this management syste m. This figure explains the librarians access to antithetic data reports including list of all books returned and borrowed, also copies of different books available inside the library system.Figure 1.4Library Management System VTOCIn this figure 1.4 it show the librarian interacting within the system by searching, borrowing and returning books. The librarian liable of updating books, monitoring books, Issued books for students and making data Report.Flow ChartFigure 1.5Library Management System ProcessIn this figure it illustrates the Library Management System Process by inputting username and password of the librarian for security if the librarian didnt match the password it back to the log in form and if the librarian matches the password that can be found in data base it will automatically appear the home page. The librarian can now update, monitor the borrow books, return books and due books. And can view the books available as well as the students borrowers.Sample Form about t he Library Management SystemFigure 1.0Books InformationIn this figure 1.0 the books information show the contents of book number, title, Author, publisher, copyright, ISBN, no. of copy, volume, edition and type. In this form the administrator allow to save new books on the data base to maintain the updates of the system.Figure 1.0Borrowers InformationIn this form it show the borrowers information it has ID Number, first name, middle name, last name and address. It allows the administrator to put the information of the borrowers of the book. And by using the old borrowers radio button it will allow the administrator to search by inputting the ID number which is the student number of the students.Figure 1.0espousal Book(s)In this figure 1.0 the Borrowing book(s) can be located at the transaction area. By inputting on the searching string it will search on the data base where the books are stored. In this form also included the list of borrowed books and list of unreturned books. After pressing the search button, all the books that are link up to the book(s) that youre seeking it will appear on the list box.Figure 1.0List of Book(s)This section is were you can view and check the records of the books available on this library computer system and it also gives the administrator the option whether to print the records of the remaining copies of the books or not.Figure 1.0List of BorrowersIn this section the system provides the administrator the advocator to view and check the list of students who borrowed from the library and gives the option to whether print the names of the borrowers or not.Figure 1.0List of return and unreturned booksIn this area it shows to functions of the library system the one on the left pane is the area in were you can view and check the list of unreturned books and to on the other side is the area in were you can input the number id and the system will automatically shows the information about who borrowed the books and the whole informa tion of the books including the titles and authors.Chapter 5Summary and RecommendationIn this chapter explains the abridgment of the findings from the evaluation of the system and recommendation future enhancement of the system. The last part of this chapter, however, discusses the possible recommendations for the system such as platform of software development or adding feature into the system.SummaryThe developed system is largely attributed to the concept of RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) and MySQL (Standard Query Language) database Programming. An open source RDBMS which provides robust functionalities for managing information. The program was developed under the Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 which was found out to be more suitable when image processing and database programming is computerize system. Library management system is designed & developed for a receipt and issuance of books in the library along with the students details. This project gives complete inform ation about the library.We can enter the record of new books and retrieve the details of books available in the library. We can issue the books to the students and maintain their records and can also check how many books are issued and stock available in the library. In this project we can maintain the late fine of students who returns the issued books after the due date. The software design specifically targeted to librarian of the researchers used a user friendly design to attract the user to use the new automated system. Here the system was the system designed purely from the users viewpoint without considering the constraints of hardware.RecommendationBase on the summary of result, the proponents suggested the following modification of the system for the best performance and improve its efficiency and functionality.a. The system must be automated so that it is quicker than this computerized system. b. RFID bar code must be applicable to enhance more the system. c. Integrate prox imity card and detectors to monitor the number of library users either borrowing books or those who are doing other things inside the library. d. Apply encryption algorithm into the records before saving it into the database. e. Providing fines to each borrowers base on the due dates f. Must be on LAN connection.

World heritage at malacca

Melaka is one of the historic cities built along the Straits of Melaka. The city has been developed oer 500 years of the mixture of trading and cultural exchanges between East and West traders. The influences of Asia and Europe have endowed the towns with a specific multicultural hereditary pattern that is both tangible and intangible. With its government buildings, churches, squares and fortifications, Melaka demonstrates the early stages of this memorial originating in the 1 5th-century Malay sultanate and the Portuguese and Dutch periods beginning in the early 16th century.The Stadthuys was one of the official residences for the Dutch Governor but now has become one of the famous attractions for visitors from all over the world. The legacy of the Dutch is still very often alive and felt in Malacca in a form of a red building called the Stadthuys. It used to be the administrative centre of nonparallel governments but now it is a history museum. The Stadthuys can be easily foun d as it is Just beside the Christ Church. Opposite the Stadthuys is the famous Jonker Street visited by many tourists.The Stadhuys is an evidence of a fine Dutch architecture. The building is so firmly made that even with little alteration and maintenances, it still stands firmly and upright. This shows that the Dutch had a commodious knowledge about the making of architecture. There are many tourists shops along the walls of the Stadhuys. From the roof of the Stadhuys, one can see a great view of the Christchurch. The Stadthuys was built between 1641 and 1660 on the ruins of a fort which belongs to the Portuguese. It is believed that the Stadthuys is the oldest Dutch building in the East.This massive red building displays all the common features of the Dutch colonial architecture which includes substantial solid doors and louvered windows. Since its completion to 1980, the Stadthuys was used as the administrative centre of successive governments for a period of 300 years. It was i n 1982 when the Stadthuys was converted into a history museum which exhibits Malaccas history starting from the great Malay Sultanate and the Portuguese, Dutch and British colonization till the present day.This building also has his history in the field of education, which in the 19th century during the British rule, a school run by the clergy known as the Malacca Free indoctrinate was built in the yard Stadhuys Building. When the free education given by the English school. However most of the students in the school is composed of the children of the wealthy Chinese. historic records show a letter dated 19 April 1825, stating the need to set up an English school in Malacca. The letter was sent to the council signed by a representative of the church, Mr.J. Humprey , JW Overee and A. W. Baumgarten . The school finally opened on December 7, 1826 with only 18 students. Malacca Free School Principal was Mr TH Moore. concisely the number of students at the school increased to 200. Study time from 9 am to 12 noon and from 2pm connected to 4 pm. Number of Malay students at that time not many because most parents send their children to Malay schools or religious schools. Although the language of instruction is English, other languages such as Malay, Portuguese and Chinese are also taught.In August 1878, the British government took over the administration ot the schools ot the clergy and called Malacca High School or High School Malacca. The new straits is Mr. A. Armstrong. In 1931, Malacca High School moved to its new site in Jalan Chan Koon Cheng until now. The building now houses the Museum of History and Ethnography. Daily display of this museum is a traditional wedding dress and artifacts from the heyday of Malacca. In conclusion, all the history past made the Stadthuys had been chosen as one of the world heritage.

Global Warming Affects Biodiversity Essay

There has always been a link between climate change and biodiversity. As the climate changes, the animals in the affected areas entertain to either adjust or leave. Although climate changes have been occurring throughout history, the rapid climate changes of today are resulting in species not being able to aline quickly enough and undergoing species loss. Some species may adapt well to the climate changes such(prenominal) as an increase in bugs and pests, notwithstanding others, such as icy animals are being forced away from their homes as the glaciers that they live on melt and break away. The Arctic and areas that are in higher latitudes have a higher rate of warming and this pattern is expected to continue as climates everywhere changes and temperatures go up. As Earth warms up, the glaciers in the Arctic start to melt, and species such as the polar bear and the arctic fox that depend on the sea ice, leave alone start to disappear and only be available for see in places such as zoos.The polar bear and the arctic fox are not just the only species that will be affected. The fish, birds, marine mammals, and horizontal the algae that grows on the undersides of the glaciers will be severely impacted as the ice melts and eventually disappears all together. The climate changes do strictly impact the Arctic, but the whole world. As ice melts in the Arctic, the temperature in seas and oceans change and the salt levels change which affects the reproduction of marine species. Once this happens, Alaskan fish will be a delicacy only available for the rich and special. Also once the all the sea ice melts, the water levels will rise and much of the shore bordering oceans and seas will be c everywhereed and people will be forced to relocate and adjust, just like the Arctic animals.The change in ecosystems all over the world will result in loss of food sources, jobs, natural resources, and some natural pharmaceutical products. Rising temperatures will also affect the wellness of humans by exposing them to more forms of disease. Cold temperatures help regulate and control the spreading of many diseases. Diseases such as malaria are likely to spread because mosquitos will not die during the winter because temperatures are slightly lower than they are in summer. Parasites that originate from sub-tropical environments may migrate to more moderate biomes and reproduce and round off there.

Book Review on Poor Economics

BOOK REVIEW POOR ECONOMICS A RADICAL RETHINKING OF THE WAY TO FIGHT globular POVERTY By Abhijit V Banerjee & Esther Duflo POOR ECONOMICS argues that so often of anti-poverty policy has failed over the years because of an inadequate understanding of poverty. The battle against poverty potentiometer be won, merely it will wages patience, cargonful thinking and a willingness to learn from evidence. Banerjee and Duflo atomic number 18 practical visionaries whose meticulous work take a expressive styleers transformative potential for silly people anywhere, and is a vital guide to policy makers, philanthropists, activists and anyone else who c argons about building a human beings without poverty.CHAPTER 1 THINK AGAIN, AGAIN Poverty and development can sometimes tonus resembling overwhelming issues the scale is daunting, the problems grand. Ideology drives a lot of policies, and notwithstanding the most hygienic-intentioned ideas can get bogged down by ignorance of ground-leve l realities and inertia at the level of the implementer. In fact, we call these the three Is ideology, ignorance, inertia the three main reasons policies whitethorn not work and aid is not ever so effective.But theres no reason to lose hope. Incremental, real change can be do. Sometimes the change sees dispirited, but by identifying real world success stories, facing up to real world failures, and understanding why the poor make the choices they make, we can find the right levers to push to free the poor of the hidden traps that keep them behind. CHAPTER 2 A BILLION HUNGRY PEOPLE? Jeffrey Sachs, an advisor to the United Nations and director of Columbia Universitys Earth Institute, is one such expert.In books and incalculable speeches and television appearances, he has argued that poor countries are poor because they are hot, infertile, malaria-infested, and often landlocked these factors, however, make it hard for them to be productive without an initial large enthronement to help them deal with such endemic problems. But they cannot pay for the investments precisely because they are poor they are in what economists call a poverty trap. Until something is through with(p) about these problems, neither free markets nor democracy will do precise much for them.The basic idea of a nutrition-based poverty trap is that there exists a critical level of nutrition, above or below which dynamic forces push people either notwithstanding down into poverty and hunger or further up into fall in-paying jobs and higher-calorie diets. These virtuous or vicious cycles can also last over generations early childhood under-nutrition can flummox long-term effects on adult success. Maternal health impacts inuterodevelopment. And its not just quantity of food step counts, too. Micronutrients desire iodine and iron can hold in direct impacts on health and economic outcomes.But if nutrition is so important, why dont people overhaul every available extra cent on m ore calories? From the look of our eighteen-country dataset, people spent their money on food and festivals, funerals, weddings, televisions, DVD players, medical emergencies, alcohol, tobacco and, well, better-tasting food. CHAPTER 3 Low-Hanging Fruit for Better (Global) health? Every year, nine million children under five die from preventable diseases such as diarrhea and malaria. Often, the treatments for these diseases are cheap, safe, and readily available.So why dont people soak these low-hanging fruit? Why dont mothers vaccinate their children? Why dont families use bednets, or buy chlorinated water? And why do they spend such large totals of money on ineffective cure instead? There are a number of possible explanations. These can include unreliable health service delivery, price sensitivity, a lack of information or trust, time-inconsistent behavior and the simple fact that the poor may not be able to tackle big, chronic illnesses. None of these reasons explains everythi ng in isolation.But understanding what stops the immediate spread of our low-hanging fruit bednets, de-worming medication, vaccines, chlorinated water is an important step in improving global health, and may finally help to eliminate health-based poverty traps. CHAPTER 4 TOP OF THE CLASS Over the past few decades, children have flocked into the schools, but schools look to have delivered very little teachers and students are often absent, and learning levels are very low. Why is this happening? Is it a supply issue, where the government needs to provide children with better schools, better textbooks, better teachers and better facilities?Or is it demand, where parents would lobby for quality education if and only if there were real benefits? There seems to be a problem with both(prenominal). For example, parents expect both too much and too little from the schools government jobs for those who graduate from secondary school, and nothing for the rest. Teachers seem focused on tea ching small elite, and undervalue the first-string students. These expectations affect behavior and generate real world waste. But the good news is that these expectations and these real world outcomes can be changed CHAPTER 5 Pak Sudarnos Big FamilyMost policy makers consider population policy to be a central part of any development program. And yet, unexpectedly, it seems that access to contraception may not be the find factor in the poors fertility decisions. So how can policy makers influence population? Instead of contraception, other aspects like social norms, family dynamics, and above all, economic considerations, seem to play a key role, not only in how many children people choose to have, but how they will treat them. Discrimination against women and girls remain a central fact of the life for many poor families.Going inside the black box of familial decision-making that is, understanding how and why decisions are made the way they are is essential to predicting the re al impact of any social policy aimed at influencing population. CHAPTER 6 BAREFOOT HEDGEFUND MANAGERS The poor face a huge amount of risk a friend of ours from the world of high finance once noted that theyre like hedge fund managers. These risks can come from health shocks like an accident or agricultural shocks like a drought or any other number of unexpected crises.Often, the poor just dont have the marrow to weather these shocks, and so they get pushed into poverty traps. The steps they take to protect themselves form these risks are insufficient and often costly they choose slight gainful and less risky crop, they spread themselves too thin across a great number of activities they exchange favors with neighbors. Yet all this doesnt always even trail large shocks. CHAPTER 7 MICROFINANCE The fact that banks are often unwilling to lend to the poor, coupled with the extremely high interest rates moneylenders charge, was a call to proceeding for the founders of microfinanc e.Enforcing credit contracts involves collecting extensive information about the borrower to ensure repayment. The high cost of gathering this information makes neighborhood moneylenders the easiest source of credit. Microfinance institutions rely on their top executive to keep a close check on the customer, in part by involving other borrowers who happen to know the customer This was a recipe for capacious success, there are more than 200 million microfinance borrowers today. Many MFIs were unwilling to evaluate whether their lending programs were helping the poor.The MFIs were financially sustainable and borrowers kept coming back, which the MFIs aphorism as proof enough. When an Indian MFI, Spandana, was rigorously evaluated, there was clear evidence that microfinance was working. People in Spandana neighborhoods were more likely to have started a vocation and made large purchases. However, there were no detectable impacts on womens empowerment, spending on education or healt h, or in the probability that kids would be enrolled in toffee-nosed schools. One of the limits of microfinance is its inflexible structure and focus on zero default. It may not be an effective borrowing channel for entrepreneurs who are willing to take risks and will go on to set up a large business. More established businesses do not find it that much easier to get credit. In particular, they run the risk of being too large for the traditional moneylenders and microfinance agencies, but too small for the banks. We need to see the equivalent of the microfinance revolution for small and average firms figured out how to do it profitably on a large scale is the next big challenge for finance in developing countries. CHAPTER 8 SAVING BRICK BY BRICKJust as with lending, banks have not found a good way to adapt their services to the poor. The administrative costs associated with managing small accounts are too high. Instead, the poor find unusual and ingenious ways to save. They buying durable goods like jewelry or new bricks for their house. Many form savings clubs such as the popular rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) in Africa. However, the fact that the poor have to adopt complicated and costly alternative strategies to save actor that saving is harder than if they had a bank account access to a saving accounts increases profits and consumption.With new technology and innovations like M-PESA in Kenya which allows cell phone users to emit money with their phone, microsavings might become the next microfinance revolution. However, not all barriers to savings are externally imposed. The poor, like anyone else, easily give in to the temptation to spend money in the present rather than save it for the future. They have difficulty, for example, saving enough over a short season to buy fertilizer but a program to help them buy it early increased fertilizer use. The poor may be more subject to temptations than the rich because the items they dream of may be further from their reach.Poor people who chance that they have opportunities have strong reasons to cut down on frivolous spending and invest in the future. Those who feel that they have nothing to lose, in contrast, save less hope matters CHAPTER 9 RELUCTANT ENTREPRENEURS Many expect that the poor will find successful business opportunities. They havent been given a chance, so their ideas are fresher MFIs have many examples of successful clients, like a garbage collector turned recycling empress The turn out number of business owners among the poor is impressive. When tiny grants were made to small businesses in Sri Lanka, their profits increased rapidly.However, while many of the poor operate businesses, most of these businesses are tiny. The businesses of the poor tend to have few if any employees and very limited assets. The businesses run by the poor are also generally unprofitable, which may well explain why giving them a loan to start a new business does not lead to a drastic improvement in their welfare. Many businesses suffer from the empty shelf problem a space a created for a shop, but no inventory fills the shelves. Even a small investment in more inventory will have large marginal returns, but once the shelves are full, the business has no further chain to grow.Despite initial large returns to small investments, many small businesses hit at point at which a substantial capital investment is needed in order to continue growing. However, few people are willing to give such large loans to the poor. Because of this trap, the poor may not invest as much (both money but also emotions and intellectual energy) into their businesses because they know that their business will always remain too small to make real money. Often, the enterprises of the poor seem more a way to buy a job when more conventional employment opportunities are not available than a reflection of a particular entrepreneurial urge.One of the most common dreams of the poor is t hat their children become government workers a stable, though not always an exciting job. A sense of perceptual constancy may be necessary for people to be able to take the long view. People who dont envision substantial improvements to their future quality of life may stop trying and end up staying where they are. Creating good jobs could go a long way in increasing the stability of the lives of the poor, which will, in turn give the poor the opportunity and the urge to invest in their children and save more.There are more than a billion people who survive off of the earnings of their own farm or business. We must be impressed by their resilience. But these small businesses will probably not pave the way for a massive exit from poverty. CHAPTER 10 POLICIES, POLITICS Even the most well-intended and well-thought-out policies may not have an impact if they are not implemented properly. Corruption, or the simple dereliction of duty, creates massive inefficiencies. Many people believe that until political institutions are fixed, countries cannot really develop. There may be no natural surgical operation to completely eliminate bad institutions.Institutional change from the outside is probably an illusion. But it is not clear that things will eventually fix themselves. However, fighting corruption appears to be possible to some extent even without fixing the larger institutions. Relatively straightforward interventions, such as threatening audits or publicizing corruption results have shown impressive success. Often, small changes make important differences. In Brazil, switching to a pictorial ballot enfranchised a large number of poor and less educated adults. The politicians they elected were more likely to target their policies to the poor.In China, even imperfect elections led to policies that were more favorable to the poor. In India, when quotas for women on village councils in India were enacted, women leadership invested in public goods preferred by wom en. Policies are not completely determined by politics. Good policies (sometimes) happen in bad political environments. For example, Suharto create tens of thousands of schools in Indonesia. And bad policies happen in good environments, because what the government is trying to do is hard generally, the government tries to convince people to do something they would not like to do, like wearing a helmet on a motorcycleThe opportunities for corruption are rife. Bad policies are often a product of the three Is ideology, ignorance, inertia. For example, nurses in India, whose job description is so overwhelming that they have decided that they cannot possibly do it, and instead do nothing. Careful understanding of constraints can lead to policies and institutions that are better designed, and less likely to be perverted by corruption. Changes will be incremental, but they will sustain and build on themselves, and perhaps even improve the political process.

Promoting Public Health Health And Social Care Essay

This written principle will place and explicate the necessity for the packaging of public health and physical activity. It will show an apprehension of the function, purpose and scenes of public health and physical activity publicity by national, regional and local bureaus. It will besides analyze and measure the health tie in a priori accounts and attacks to public wellness and physical activity publicity.What is health?There be many definitions for Health. Health means different things to different people, if person does nt imbibe and tidy sum so they believe that they are muscular, or if they eat a good balanced diet for illustration. The chief most know definition of wellness is from the humans Health Organization. World Health Organisation provincesHealth is a province of complete physical, intellectual, and societal well being, and non simply the absence seizure of disease or frailty. Health is a dynamic status ensuing from a organic structure s change little accom modation and version in response to emphasiss and alterations in the purlieu for keeping an interior equilibrium called homeostasis. World Health Organisation ( 2003 )This definition nevertheless has non been amended since 1948.What is Health Promotion?Health publicity involves activities to better iodine and community s wellness and prevent disease. Health publicity activities offer solutions to many of the wellness jobs confronting society through developing accomplishments and cognition, community action, supportive environments, healthy public policy and reorienting wellness services. Health publicity works towards enabling people to increase control over, and better their wellness. With a important proportion of ill-health related to picks about nutrition, exercising, the usage of legal and illegal substances, interpersonal affinitys and other societal behaviors, wellness publicity coffin nail assist us do picks that support wellbeing.The characteristics of wellness publici ty are that it is based on a holistic position of wellness it uses participatory attacks it focuses on turn toing the determiners of wellness, non merely wellness jobs. These include the societal, behavioral, sparing and environmental conditions that are the root cause of wellness and unwellness such as income, societal position, instruction, employment and working conditions, it builds on bing strengths and assets and it uses multiple, complementary schemes to advance wellness at the person ( downstream ) , community and population ( upstream ) degree.Why is wellness publicity needed?There are frights that the recent propagation and their kids s coevals will age less successfully than the current older one no surprise given that, although rates of coffin nail smoke are falling, more people are imbibing to a great extent, merely a minority of grownups exercise frequently plenty to keep good wellness and fleshiness rates have greatly increased over the last 20 old ages.Fleshiness is a chief wellness issue which can take to other wellness jobs such as diabetes, high cholesterin, high blood pressure, joint hurting, Nursing Times ( 2009 ) states that these wellness issues can be prevented or delayed by mannersstyle steps. A wellness publicity bundle would enable grownups of all ages to take happier and healthier lives. Around two-thirds of the England population are gruelling or corpulent. Fleshiness has grown by about 400 % in the last 25 old ages and on present tendencies will shortly outmatch smoke as the greatest cause of premature loss of life. ( NHS Dudley, 2012 )Fleshiness is associated with many wellness jobs including coronary bosom disease, diabetes, kidney failure, degenerative arthritis, back hurting and psychological harm. The strong association between fleshiness and malignant neoplastic disease has merely late come to visible radiation. ( Dodds, 2009 )Dodds ( 2009 ) estimates the economic costs of fleshiness conservatively at & A lb 3.3-3. 7 billion per twelvemonth and of fleshiness plus corpulence at & A lb 6.6-7.4 billion.Health publicity for fleshiness is especially of import because it can assist take down the hazards of many other wellness conditions which so cuts down the economic costs in the hereafter by educating people on the right nutrient and exercising and besides behaviour alteration techniques.Why do we necessitate to Promote affable Health?Mental wellness publicity does stay the most developing country of wellness publicity even though there is an increasing acknowledgment that there is no wellness without mental wellness Christodoul ( 2009 ) .Positive mental wellness involves self-prides, being able to work out jobs and the ability to accommodate to emphasize. The demand for positive mental wellness publicity is good and relevent for everyone. Its of import to emphasize to policy shapers and professionals to understand that mental wellness and mental well-being are issues of mundane life. Therefor e positive mental wellness demands the coordinated action by all concerned through the media, the authorities, local governments, the industry, voluntary administration and through wellness and societal and economic sectors. near of the clip when people think of mental wellness they look at it in a negative manner, nevertheless this is non the instance.Mental wellness is non merely the absence of mental unwellness. It is defined as a province of wellbeing in which every person realises his or her ain potency, can get by with the natural emphasiss of life, can work fruitfully and productively, and is able to do a part to his or her community. ( Mental Health Ireland 2013 )Mental Health is about how people sprightliness about themselves, how they feel about others and how they are able to run into the demands of life.Mental wellness publicity is of import because me mental wellness contributes to all facets of human life, it has of import, less of import and indispensable values fo r the person, society and civilization. Mental wellness has a shared relationship with the well-being and productiveness of a society and its members. Mental wellness is indispensable for the well-being and operation of all persons.Mental wellness is indispensable for the wellbeing and operation of persons.Good mental wellness is an of import resource for persons, households, communities, and states.Mental wellness, as an indivisible portion of general wellness, contributes to the maps of society, and has an consequence on overall productiveness.Mental wellness concerns everyone as it is generated in our mundane lives in places, schools, workplaces, and in void activities.Positive mental wellness contributes to the societal, human, and economic capital of every society.Spiritualty it can do a important part to mental wellness publicity and mental wellness influences religious life.( World Health Organization, p.21 2004 )Mental wellness can be regarded as an single resource, which c ontributes to person s quality of life an facet of good mental wellness is the capacity for reciprocally fulfilling and digesting relationships. There is turning grounds that societal coherence is critical for the economic prospering of communities and this relationship appears to be mutual.The function of Health PromotionBehavioral Alterationsin Health PromotionDecision

Luncheon Analysis

The Luncheon Jeffrey bowman She waved at me across a crowded room at the St. Regis Hotel in New York. I waved back, realizing I knew the face unless un subject to place it. She squeezed past hosts and guests and had reached me forwards I had the chance to communicate any unmatchable who she was. I racked that section of my brain that is meant to store people, but it transmitted no reply. I realized I would live to resort to the old party trick of carefully worded questions until her answers jogged my memory. How are you, darling? she cried, and threw her arms around me, an spread that didnt help, since we were at a Literary auberge cocktail party, and any star will throw their arms around you on much(prenominal) occasions, even the directors of the Book-of-the-Month Club. From her accent she was clearly American, and she looked to be approaching forty but thanks to the wizardry of modern cod-up may even welcome overtaken it. She wore a long white cocktail dress and her b londe hair was heapte up in one of those buns that looks like a brioche. The overall transaction made her appear somewhat like a chess queen.Not that the cottage loaf helped, because she might frusture had dark hair flowing to her shoulders when we stand met. I do wish women would realize that when they change their hair vogue they ofttimes achieve exactly what they set come to the fore to do look completely different to any trustful male. Im well, thank you, I said to the white queen. And you? I inquired as my opening gambit. Im just fine, darling, she replied, taking a glass of champagne from a passing waiter. And hows the family, I asked, non sure if she even had one. Theyre all well, she replied.No help there. And how is Louise? she inquired. Blooming, I said. So she knew my wife. But then, not necessarily, I thought. Most American women are experts at remembering mens wives. They gull to be, when on the New York circuit they change so often it becomes a greater chall enge than the Times crossword. confirm you been to London lately? I roared above the babble. A brave question, as she may never ask been to Europe. Only once since we had lunch together. She looked at me quizzically. You dont remember who I am, do you? she asked as she devoured a cocktail sausage. I smiled. Dont be silly, Susan, I said. How could I ever forget? She smiled. I confess that I remembered the white queens name in the nick of time. Although I becalm only had vague recollections of the lady, I certainly would never forget the lunch. I had just had my first daybook published, and the critics on both sides of the Atlantic had been complimentary, even if the checks from my publishers were less so. My agent had told me on several occasions that I shouldnt write if I wanted to make money.This created a dilemma, because I couldnt see how to make money if I didnt write. It was around this time that the lady who was now facing me and chattering on, unmindful(p) to my sile nce, telephoned from New York to heap lavish praise on my novel. There is no writer who does enjoy receiving such calls, although I confess to having been less captivated by an eleven-year-old girl who called me collect from California to say she had open up a spelling mistake on page 47 and warned that she would call again if she found another.However, this feature lady might acquit ended her transatlantic congratulations with nothing more than good-bye if she had not dropped her own name. It was one of those name calling that can, on the spur of the moment, perpetually book a table at a chic restaurant or a seat at the opera, which mere mortals like myself would prepare found impossible to attain given a months notice. To be fair, it was her husbands name that had achieved the reputation, as one of the worlds most distinguished film producers. When Im next in London you must have lunch with me, came crackling down the phone. No, said I gallantly, you must have lunch with me. How perfectly charming you English always are, she said. I have often wondered how much American women get away with when they say those few words to an Englishman. Nevertheless, the wife of an Oscar-winning producer does not phone one everyday. I promise to call you when Im next in London, she said. And indeed she did, for almost six months to the day she telephoned again, this time from the Connaught Hotel, to declare how much she was face forward to our meeting. Where would you like to have lunch? I said, realizing a second to a fault late, when she replied with the name of one of the most exclusive restaurants in townsfolk, that I should have made sure it was I who chose the venue. I was glad she couldnt see my forlorn face as she added airly, Monday, one oclock. Leave the booking to meIm known there. On the day in question I donned my one respectable suit, a new shirt I had been saving for a special occasion since Christmas, and the only tie that looked as if it hadnt bee n previously used to hold up my trousers.I then strolled over to my camber and asked for statement of my current account. The teller handed me a long tag on of paper unworthy of its amount. I examine the figure as one who has to make a major financial decision. The bottom stating in black lettering that I was in credit to the sum of 37 pounds and sixty-three pence. I wrote pop out a check for thirty-seven pounds. I feel that the gentleman should always leave his account in credit, and I might add it was a belief my bank omnibus shared with me. I then walked up to Mayfair for my luncheon date.As I entered the restaurant I noticed too many waiters and plush seats for my liking. You cant eat either, but you can be supercharged for them. At a corner table sat for cardinal sat a woman who, although not young, was elegant. She wore a blouse of powder blue crepe-de-chine, and her blond hair was rolled away from her face in style that reminded me of the war days and had once again become fashionable. It was clearly my transatlantic admirer, and she greeted me in the same Ive known you all my life as she was to do at the Literary Guild cocktail party years later.Although she had a drink in prior of her, I didnt order an aperitif, explaining that I never drank out front lunchand I would have liked to add, but as soon as your husband makes a film of my novel, I will. She launched immediately into the latest Hollywood gossip, not so much dropping names as reciting them, while I ate my way through the potato chips from the bowl in front of me. A few proceedings later a waiter materialized by the table and presented us with two large imprint leather menus, considerably better bound than my novel.The place positively reeked of unnecessary expense. I opened the menu and studied the first chapter with horror it was eminently put-downable. I had no idea that simplistic regimen obtained from Covent Garden could cost quite so much by merely being transported to M ayfair. I could have bought her the same dishes for a quarter of the price at my favorite bistro, a mere one hundred yards away, and to add to my discomfort I observed that it was one of those restaurants where the guest menu made no mention of the prices.I settled down to study the long list of French dishes, which only served to remind me that I hadnt eaten well for more than a month, a state of affairs that was about to be drawn-out by a further day. I remembered my bank balance morosely reflected that I would probably have to wait until my agent sold the Icelandic rights of my novel before I could afford a substantive meal again. What would you like? I said gallantly. I always enjoy a weightlessness lunch, she volunteered. I sighed with premature relief, only to find that light did not necessarily mean inexpensive.She smiled sweetly up at the waiter, who looked as though he wouldnt be wondering where his next meal might be coming from, and ordered just a sliver of smoked sal mon, followed by two tiny companionable birth cutlets. Then she hesitated, but only for a moment, before adding and a side salad. I studied the menu with some caution, running my finger down the prices, not the dishes. I also eat light lunch, I said mendaciously. The chefs salad will be quite enough for me. The waiter was obviously affronted but left peaceably. She chatted of Coppola and Preminger, of Pacino and Redford, and of Garbo as if she saw her all the time.She was kind enough to stop for a moment and ask what I was working on at present. I would have liked to have replied, On how Im going to explain to my wife that I have only sixty-three pence left in the bank, but I actually discussed my ideas for another novel. She seemed impressed but still made no extension phone to her husband. Should I mention him? No. Mustnt sound pushy, or as though I call for the money. The food arrived, or that is to say her smoked salmon did, and I sat silently watching her eat my bank acco unt while I nibbled on a roll. I looked up only to follow a drink waiter by my side. Would you care for some wine? said I, recklessly. No, I dont think so, she said. I smiled a inadequate too soon Well, perhaps a little something white and dry. The wine waiter handed down a second leather-bound book, this time with golden grapes embossed on the cover. I searched down the pages for half-bottles, explaining to my guest that I never drank at lunch. I chose the cheapest. The wine waiter appeared a moment later with a large silver bucket full of ice in which the half bottle looked drowned, and, like me, completely out of its depth.A junior waiter cleared away the exonerate plate while another wheeled a large trolley to the side of our table and served the lamb cutlets and the chefs salad. At the same time a third waiter made up an bully side salad for my guest that ended up bigger than my complete order. I didnt feel I could ask her to swap. To be fair, the chefs salad was superba lthough I confess it was hard to appreciate such food fully while trying to work out a plot that would be convincing if I found the aeronaut to over thirty-seven pounds. How silly of me to ask for white wine with lamb, she said, having nearly undone the half bottle. I ordered a half bottle of the house red without calling for the wine list. She finished the white wine and then launched into the theater, music, and other authors. All those who were still alive she seemed to know, and those who were dead she hadnt read. I might have enjoyed the performance if it hadnt been for the fear of wondering if I would be able to afford it when the curtain came down.When the waiter cleared away the empty dishes he asked my guest if she would care for anything else. No, thank you, she saidI nearly applauded. Unless you have one of your famous apple surprises. I fear the last one may have gone, madam, but Ill go and see. Dont hurry, I wanted to say, but instead I just smiled as the rope tight ened around my neck. A few proceeding later the waiter strode back in triumph, weaving between the tables holding the apple surprise in the palm of his hand, high above his head.I prayed to Newton that the apple would obey his law. It didnt. The last one, madam Oh, what luck, she declared. Oh, what luck, I repeated, unable(p) to face the menu and discover the price. I was now attempting some mental arithmetic as I realized it was going to be a close-run thing. Anything else, madam? the ingratiating waiter inquired. I took a bass breath. Just coffee, she said. And for you, sir? No, no, not for me. He left us. I couldnt think of an explanation for why I didnt drink coffee.Then she produced the large Gucci bag by her side and a copy of my novel, which I write with a flourish, hoping the head waiter would see, and feel I was the sort of man who should be allowed to sign the bill as well, but he resolutely remained at the far end of the room while I wrote the words An unforgettable meeting and appended my signature. While the dear lady was drinking her coffee I picked at another roll and called for the bill, not because I was in any particular hurry, but like a guilty defendant at the Old Bailey, I preferred to wait no longer than the approximates sentence.A man in a smart green uniform whom I had never seen before appeared carrying a silver tray with a folded piece of paper on it, looking not unlike my bank statement. I pushed back the edge of the bill slowly and read the figure thirty-six pounds and forty pence. I casually put my hand into my inside pocket and withdrew my lifes possessions, then placed the astute new notes on the silver tray. They were whisked away. The man in the green uniform appeared a few minutes later with my sixty pence change, which I pocketed, since it was the only way I was going to get a bus home.The waiter gave me a look that would have undoubtedly won him a character part in any film produced by the ladys distinguished husband . My guest rose and walked across the restaurant, motion at, and occasionally kissing, people I had previously seen only in glossy magazines. When she reached the door she stopped to live her coat, a mink. I helped her on with the fur, again failing to leave a tip. As we stood on the Curzon passageway sidewalk, a dark blue Rolls-Royce drew up beside us and a liveried chauffeur leaped out and opened the door.She climbed in. Goodbye, darling, she said as the electric window slid down. Thank you for such a lovely lunch. Goodbye, I said and, summoning up my courage, added I do hope when you are next in town I shall have the opportunity of meeting your distinguished husband. Oh, darling, didnt you know? she said. Know what? We were divorced ages ago. disunite? said I. Oh, yes, she said gaily, I havent spoken to him for years. I just stood there looking helpless. Oh, dont worry yourself on my account, she said. Hes no loss.In any case, I deep married again another film produce r, I prayedin fact, I quite expected to relegate into my husband todayyou see, he owns the restaurant. Without another word the electric window purred up and the Rolls-Royce glided effortlessly out of sight, leaving me to walk to the nearest bus stop. As I stood surrounded by Literary Guild guests, staring at the white queen with the Brioche bun, I could still see her drifting away in that blue Rolls-Royce. I tried to concentrate on her words. I knew you wouldnt forget me, darling, she was saying. After all, I did take you to lunch, didnt I?

Areas of knowledge

Adolescence, face as a pueriler, is a breaker point of mental instability, wandering, and especially high interests on the opposite sex. approximately argue that adolescent date is merely an activity which will negatively affect academic thrust and achievements, thus it is not beneficial. nevertheless, teenage dating is not something that can be discouraged. In other words, teenage dating has to be perceived as a inseparable step within the adolescence period although we cannot effectiveness teenage dating, it should definitely not be discouraged.Numerous Korean parents oppose teenage dating, in concern of its affirmable assistance upon academic achievement. They simply believe it will somehow negatively affect academic tons, rather than acknowledging it as a natural run within adolescence, and exploitation as a social being. However there are no significant proof of the correlation between dating and academic scores and ontogeny Into a social being is more than accomp lishing academic demands, entering a famous university, or getting employed by a major company.It requires socializing with others, especially with the opposite sex teenage dating can help this progress. By spending great amounts of time of deep communication eon dating, teenagers will e able to learn how to Interact and respect the opposite sex as rise and this ability to communicate and respect the opposite sex Is extremely Important In growing Into a social being. Thus teenage dating Is clearly not something to be discouraged or negatively viewed. allow us consider that teenage dating Is actually harmful to teenagers then will discouraging impede this phenomenon? No. Teenage dating derived from Increased Interest towards the opposite sex during adolescence Is an extremely natural operation that should be respected as a method of relieving stress. For example, In the case of Genealogy Academy of outside Languages(GAFF), dating Is prohibited, and penalty points and other sever e punishments are given when caught.However, dating Is not only a natural phenomenon, but Is also a method of relieving stress from having to live In a dependent inculcate area for 5 days a week. Not only this applies to students of GAFF, this applies to every teenager In the period of adolescence, because dating allows teenagers to satisfy their desire to Interact with the opposite sex this stress- relieving activity should not be discouraged, but rather respected as a natural hometown. Teenage dating should not be discouraged unless there Is a significant harm towards teenagers, such as underage smoking or drugs.It should be accepted as a natural process of growing mature, and a phenomenon derived from Increased Interests In the opposite sex during the adolescence period especially as an essential requirement of social growth for puppylike adults. Areas of knowledge By homeruns Ms. Lee proof of the correlation between dating and academic scores and growing into a be able to lea rn how to interact and respect the opposite sex as thoroughly and this ability o communicate and respect the opposite sex is extremely important in growing into a social being.Thus teenage dating is clearly not something to be discouraged or Let us consider that teenage dating is actually harmful to teenagers then will discouraging abandon this phenomenon? No. Teenage dating derived from increase interest towards the opposite sex during adolescence is an extremely natural process that should be respected as a method of relieving stress. For example, in the case of Gonging Academy of Foreign Languages(GAFF), dating is prohibited, and penalty points and other severe punishments are given when caught.However, dating is not only a natural phenomenon, but is also a method of relieving stress from having to live in a restricted school area for 5 days a week. Not only this applies to students of GAFF, this applies to every teenager in the period of adolescence, because dating allows teen agers to satisfy their desire to interact with the opposite sex this stress- Teenage dating should not be discouraged unless there is a significant harm natural process of growing mature, and a phenomenon derived from increased interests in the opposite sex during the adolescence period especially as an

Child’s learning Essay

The observations you made were quite predictable. Those students whose p arnts supported the learn of English and participated in the home had more prob cleverness of learning the orb as well as conversational foster lyric poem. Those students whose parents did non support the learning of English did non energise as much success with their imprimatur lyric. Education of any content supports the same observations. Parental support and participation is key to student success. anformer(a)(prenominal) key factor is the concept of total immersion in a second expression.People are totally immersed in their first expression from birth. Therefore the spoken language becomes almost automatic. Many students thus far accept difficulty learning the ins and outs of their first language grammar beca recitation of this immersion, making the learning of the written first language difficult. Add to that the study of a second language out of the context of living. Even the observations o f the second student, the seventh grader who was truly immersed in both her first and second languages, supported the value of immersion.But even though the first student, the 5th grader, was totally immersed in her second language at school, it was the absence of the second language spoken at home that counteracted the learning she acquired during the school day. I also found it very kindle when the difference in the pronunciation of the word way was discussed. It was the sound specific to the ear that the observer could not distinguish. I had a similar experience in a class when discussing the quarrel ma and ma in an Asian language.The Asian character was not only written differently, but both words were pronounced differently. I could barely notice the difference in writing (thus posing a literacy study on my part), nor could I hear the difference. When explained to me, how the inflection of unmatched word went up (like an English question), and the inflection of the new(pre nominal) word went down (like an English declarative sentence), I still could not hear it. I could not make the distinction much like the Asian student could not hear the difference in our letters L and R. Even though I explained that the sound was made by different separate of our mouth and throat, she could not hear it. I was finally able to understand my deficit with ma and ma, I would be wise to learn the difference since one meant mother and one meant horse. I wouldnt want to misuse them Allison Hill Your discussion about autism was evoke. It is difficult to determine how much cognitive ability is there and how much language acquisition is there in an autistic child.Through the descriptions of the boys behaviors, abilities and habits, along with the theories presented, the severity of autism is not clear. As you stated, autism is characterized by a lack of social skills and relationships, difficulty with communication, and fit(p) and repetitive behavior. This child was des cribed as having relatively developed social and communication skills. Thus it would be initially assumed that this child had mild autism. The descriptions and examples of the childs behavior go on to feeling that he does form social relationships but uses language only when he wants something.While some use of language indicates he understands the words, meanings and uses, other uses of language suggest he does not. He certainly understands that verbal communication is a tool. So is autism a situation where one does not have the capacity to understand language, or where one makes the choice to use or not use language? It is an interesting question one that is not easy to answer. Behavior of this subject supports either answer. Your observations also suggest that language acquisition may be based on individual learn. sick children have different needs than other children. Autistic babies do not respond to faces and voices as other children do because they simply do not have the s ame need to do so. Autistic children do not use language like other children simply because they do not have the same need to do so. When one word atomic number 50 get the desired results, why use more? This particular child has learned the words he needs to get the results he wants in his world. You noted in these observations that this child does make errors when attempting to use language to get desired results.Mostly though, the errors seem to be made when he is attempting to please another person, or give another person their desired results. It seems autistic children are less concerned with pleasing others. You think by stating that this childs language learning experience is typical of that of a more intemperate case on the autism spectrum. Again, it is difficult to determine since it is unclear whether it is cognitive ability or social need that affects the language acquisition.This discussion reminds me of an article I read about requiring a deafen person to move in a hearing world based on the rules of a hearing world. Once the deaf person understood the rules of a language based on sound and hearing, she was able to communicate suitably in the hearing situation. It was as if this deaf person was bilingual she had to know her language (ASL) and the ins and outs of spoken English. It seems that an autistic child must learn the rules of two vastly different languages one language based on a very social world, and one based on a less social world. Amy literYour observation confirms the theory that total immersion in a foreign language produces a more fluent speaker of that language. Studying a foreign language in a school context of use usually only focuses on the written aspects of that language reading, writing, grammar. Without that constant hearing and speaking, the language acquisition is lost. It was interesting that you made a distinction between learning a foreign language and learning a second language. There is a difference between sp eaking a language based on learned rules, and speaking a language based on feeling the language.Motivation also seems to be a factor in learning a language. Whether it be learning a foreign language or learning a second language, one must have some important think for the study. With this womanhood, her interest started first with the desire to do well in the subject and improve. For some, that is enough to learn a foreign language. For others, the motivation increases as the learner desires not only to know the language, but to become a part of the culture and speech community of that language and thus it becomes a second language.It was interesting that this womans heritage was connected to her second language of choice which may have initially contributed to her schoolmaster motivation. Her father and grand parents were native speakers of Spanish but her mother did not know the language. Speaking Spanish in the home was not stressed. Therefore there was an added challenge in b ecoming immersed in her chosen second language. This further confirms the theory that parental involvement and support in a childs learning is a major contributor to the success of that childs learning.My own experience learning a foreign language was similar to the observed womans experience. I studied formal rules of the reading, writing and grammar of Spanish beginning in 10th grade. After three years of study in high school (which included a conversational Spanish course), I cannot say I am a fluent speaker of the language. I was never totally immersed in the language so I never truly HAD to learn to survive and communicate in that language. In addition, I never have many opportunities to use my knowledge and sharpen my skills. It just goes to show if you dont use it, you brook it.